Arthritis
Arthritis is a degenerative joint disease and can lead to disabilities, activity limitations, and pain. Two common types of arthritis are osteoarthritis, caused by joint wear and tear, and rheumatoid arthritis, an autoimmune disease where the body attacks the joints.
Recommendations for instructors:
- – Provide modifications to decrease range of motion if necessary.
- – Encourage participants to decrease exercise intensity during flare ups.
- – Help participants differentiate between normal discomfort associated with exercise and unsafe levels of pain.
- – Guide participants through extended warm ups with a strong focus on building heat, increasing blood flow, joint mobilization and specific movement rehearsal
- – Choose bilateral exercises first to ensure proper form, technique and adequate strength
Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetes Mellitus is a condition in which blood sugar (glucose) levels are abnormally high, because the body does not produce enough insulin to meet its needs. Diabetes is generally used to describe various syndromes that result in the disruption of glucose usage. According to the CDC, 30.3 million people have diabetes (9.4% of the US population) (CDC, 2018).
Recommendations for Instructors:
- – Identify participants with diabetes and privately discuss specific needs and concerns before the workout begins.
- – Be sure the participant’s glucose level is in a safe range before engaging in physical activity.
- – Know how to identify symptoms of an insulin reaction (hypoglycemia). Early symptoms include confusion, irritability, anxiety, and headaches. Late symptoms include sweating, rapid pulse, nausea, loss of consciousness, pale and moist skin, and double vision.
- – Instruct the participant to check glucose levels if they’re having an insulin reaction, and to consume orange juice or another rapidly absorbing carbohydrate.
- – Call EMS if the participant remains in a state of distress.
Responding to Environmental Emergencies
Condition |
Possible Signs/Symptoms |
Recommended Action |
Heat Cramps |
Painful cramps, feeling weak, thirst and dehydration |
Stop activity, drink fluids slowly, cool body temperature |
Heat Exhaustion |
Weak, rapid pulse, headache, dizziness, clammy skin, excessive sweating, elevated core temperature |
Cool down the body, drink fluids slowly, stop activity; Call EMS if symptoms are not alleviated |
Heat Stroke |
Hot, dry skin, rapid pulse, red appearance of skin, difficulty breathing, irritability, elevated core temperature |
Call EMS; stop activity, cool skin of participant |
Hypothermia |
Body temperature drops below 97 degrees F, shivering, numbness in extremities, burning sensation in ears and nose, lethargy |
Warm the body, provide warm fluids; Call EMS if symptoms are not alleviated. |
Soft Tissue Injuries: Injuries including lacerations, punctures, avulsions, and abrasions are results of acute trauma to areas of the skin. There may be bleeding, pain, and exposed bone. If bleeding cannot be stopped, there is exposed bone or an obvious break, and/or internal pain, medical treatment should be sought immediately. All outdoor fitness park instructors are required to be trained in basic first aid.